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National Curriculum 2014 (UK)
Australian Curriculum
Common Core State Standards
EdAlive Curriculum
NAPLAN
National Curriculum 2014 (UK)
New Zealand Curriculum
NSW Syllabus
Victorian Curriculum
Show Curriculum Tree
Mathematics
Key Stage 1
Year 1
Number
Number & Place Value
Count to and across 100, forwards and backwards, beginning with 0 or 1, or from any given number
Count, read and write numbers to 100 in numerals; count in multiples of twos, fives and tens
Given a number, identify one more and one less
Identify and represent numbers using objects and pictorial representations including the number line, and use the language of: equal to, more than, less than (fewer), most, least
Read and write numbers from 1 to 20 in numerals and words
Addition & Subtraction
Read, write and interpret mathematical statements involving addition (+), subtraction (-) and equals (=) signs
Represent and use number bonds and related subtraction facts within 20
Add and subtract one-digit and two-digit numbers to 20, including zero
Solve one-step problems that involve addition and subtraction, using concrete objects and pictorial representations, and missing number problems such as 7 = ? - 9
Multiplication & Division
Solve one-step problems involving multiplication and division, by calculating the answer using concrete objects, pictorial representations and arrays with the support of the teacher
Fractions
Recognise, find and name a half as one of two equal parts of an object, shape or quantity
Recognise, find and name a quarter as one of four equal parts of an object, shape or quantity
Measurement
Compare, describe and solve practical problems for:
Lengths and heights [for example, long/short, longer/shorter, tall/short, double/half]
Mass/weight [for example, heavy/light, heavier than, lighter than]
Capacity and volume [for example, full/empty, more than, less than, half, half full, quarter]
Time [for example, quicker, slower, earlier, later]
Sequence events in chronological order using language [for example, before and after, next, first, today, yesterday, tomorrow, morning, afternoon and evening]
Recognise and use language relating to dates, including days of the week, weeks, months and years
Tell the time to the hour and half past the hour and draw the hands on a clock face to show these times
Geometry
Properties of Shapes
Position & Direction
Year 2
Number
Number & Place Value
Count in steps of 2, 3, and 5 from 0, and in tens from any number, forward and backward
Recognise the place value of each digit in a two-digit number (tens, ones)
Identify, represent and estimate numbers using different representations, including the number line
Compare and order numbers from 0 up to 100; use <, > and = signs
Read and write numbers to at least 100 in numerals and in words
Use place value and number facts to solve problems
Addition & Subtraction
Solve problems with addition and subtraction:
Using concrete objects and pictorial representations, including those involving numbers, quantities and measures
Applying their increasing knowledge of mental and written methods
Recall and use addition and subtraction facts to 20 fluently, and derive and use related facts up to 100
Add and subtract numbers using concrete objects, pictorial representations, and mentally, including:
A two-digit number and ones
A two-digit number and tens
Two two-digit numbers
Adding three one-digit numbers
Show that addition of two numbers can be done in any order (commutative) and subtraction of one number from another cannot
Recognise and use the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction and use this to check calculations and solve missing number problems
Multiplication & Division
Recall and use multiplication and division facts for the 2, 5 and 10 multiplication tables, including recognising odd and even numbers
Show that multiplication of two numbers can be done in any order (commutative) and division of one number by another cannot
Solve problems involving multiplication and division, using materials, arrays, repeated addition, mental methods, and multiplication and division facts, including problems in contexts
Fractions
Recognise, find, name and write fractions 1/3, 1/4, 2/4 and 3/4 of a length, shape, set of objects or quantity
Measurement
Choose and use appropriate standard units to estimate and measure length/height in any direction (m/cm); mass (kg/g); temperature (degreesC); capacity (litres/ml) to the nearest appropriate unit, using rulers, scales, thermometers and measuring vessels
Compare and order lengths, mass, volume/capacity and record the results using >, < and =
Solve simple problems in a practical context involving addition and subtraction of money of the same unit, including giving change
Compare and sequence intervals of time
Tell and write the time to five minutes, including quarter past/to the hour and draw the hands on a clock face to show these times
Geometry
Properties of Shapes
Identify and describe the properties of 2-D shapes, including the number of sides and line symmetry in a vertical line
Identify and describe the properties of 3-D shapes, including the number of edges, vertices and faces
Identify 2-D shapes on the surface of 3-D shapes [for example, a circle on a cylinder and a triangle on a pyramid]
Compare and sort common 2-D and 3-D shapes and everyday objects
Position & Direction
Order and arrange combinations of mathematical objects in patterns and sequences
Use mathematical vocabulary to describe position, direction and movement, including movement in a straight line and distinguishing between rotation as a turn and in terms of right angles for quarter, half and three-quarter turns (clockwise and anti-clockw
Statistics
Interpret and construct simple pictograms, tally charts, block diagrams and simple tables
Ask and answer simple questions by counting the number of objects in each category and sorting the categories by quantity
Ask and answer questions about totalling and comparing categorical data
Lower Key Stage 2
Year 3
Number
Number & Place Value
Count from 0 in multiples of 4, 8, 50 and 100; find 10 or 100 more or less than a given number
Recognise the place value of each digit in a three-digit number (hundreds, tens, ones)
Compare and order numbers up to 1000
Read and write numbers up to 1000 in numerals and in words
Solve number problems and practical problems involving these ideas
Addition & Subtraction
Add and subtract numbers mentally, including:
A three-digit number and ones
A three-digit number and tens
A three-digit number and hundreds
Add and subtract numbers with up to three digits, using formal written methods of columnar addition and subtraction
Estimate the answer to a calculation and use inverse operations to check answers
Solve problems, including missing number problems, using number facts, place value, and more complex addition and subtraction
Multiplication & Division
Recall and use multiplication and division facts for the 3, 4 and 8 multiplication tables
Write and calculate mathematical statements for multiplication and division using the multiplication tables that they know, including for two-digit numbers times one-digit numbers, using mental and progressing to formal written methods
Solve problems, including missing number problems, involving multiplication and division, including positive integer scaling problems and correspondence problems in which n objects are connected to m objects
Fractions
Count up and down in tenths; recognise that tenths arise from dividing an object into 10 equal parts and in dividing one-digit numbers or quantities by 10
Recognise, find and write fractions of a discrete set of objects: unit fractions and non-unit fractions with small denominators
Recognise and show, using diagrams, equivalent fractions with small denominators
Measurement
Measure, compare, add and subtract: lengths (m/cm/mm); mass (kg/g); volume/capacity (l/ml)
Measure the perimeter of simple 2-D shapes
Add and subtract amounts of money to give change, using both £ and p in practical contexts
Tell and write the time from an analogue clock, including using Roman numerals from I to XII, and 12-hour and 24-hour clocks
Estimate and read time with increasing accuracy to the nearest minute; record and compare time in terms of seconds, minutes and hours; use vocabulary such as o'clock, a.m./p.m., morning, afternoon, noon and midnight
Know the number of seconds in a minute and the number of days in each month, year and leap year
Geometry
Properties of Shapes
Draw 2-D shapes and make 3-D shapes using modelling materials; recognise 3-D shapes in different orientations and describe them
Recognise angles as a property of shape or a description of a turn
Identify right angles, recognise that two right angles make a half-turn, three make three quarters of a turn and four a complete turn; identify whether angles are greater than or less than a right angle
Identify horizontal and vertical lines and pairs of perpendicular and parallel lines
Statistics
Interpret and present data using bar charts, pictograms and tables
Solve one-step and two-step questions [for example, 'How many more?' and 'How many fewer?'] using information presented in scaled bar charts and pictograms and tables.
Year 4
Number
Number & Place Value
Count in multiples of 6, 7, 9, 25 and 1000
Find 1000 more or less than a given number
Recognise the place value of each digit in a four-digit number (thousands, hundreds, tens, and ones)
Order and compare numbers beyond 1000
Identify, represent and estimate numbers using different representations
Round any number to the nearest 10, 100 or 1000
Solve number and practical problems that involve all of the above and with increasingly large positive numbers
Addition & Subtraction
Add and subtract numbers with up to 4 digits using the formal written methods of columnar addition and subtraction where appropriate
Estimate and use inverse operations to check answers to a calculation
Solve addition and subtraction two-step problems in contexts, deciding which operations and methods to use and why
Multiplication & Division
Recall multiplication and division facts for multiplication tables up to 12 x 12
Use place value, known and derived facts to multiply and divide mentally, including: multiplying by 0 and 1; dividing by 1; multiplying together three numbers
Recognise and use factor pairs and commutativity in mental calculations
Multiply two-digit and three-digit numbers by a one-digit number using formal written layout
Solve problems involving multiplying and adding, including using the distributive law to multiply two digit numbers by one digit, integer scaling problems and harder correspondence problems such as n objects are connected to m objects
Fractions (Including Decimals)
Recognise and show, using diagrams, families of common equivalent fractions
Count up and down in hundredths; recognise that hundredths arise when dividing an object by one hundred and dividing tenths by ten
Solve problems involving increasingly harder fractions to calculate quantities, and fractions to divide quantities, including non-unit fractions where the answer is a whole number
Add and subtract fractions with the same denominator
Recognise and write decimal equivalents of any number of tenths or hundredths
Find the effect of dividing a one- or two-digit number by 10 and 100, identifying the value of the digits in the answer as ones, tenths and hundredths
Round decimals with one decimal place to the nearest whole number
Compare numbers with the same number of decimal places up to two decimal places
Solve simple measure and money problems involving fractions and decimals to two decimal places
Measurement
Convert between different units of measure [for example, kilometre to metre; hour to minute]
Measure and calculate the perimeter of a rectilinear figure (including squares) in centimetres and metres
Find the area of rectilinear shapes by counting squares
Estimate, compare and calculate different measures, including money in pounds and pence
Read, write and convert time between analogue and digital 12- and 24-hour clocks
Solve problems involving converting from hours to minutes; minutes to seconds; years to months; weeks to days
Geometry
Properties of Shapes
Compare and classify geometric shapes, including quadrilaterals and triangles, based on their properties and sizes
Identify acute and obtuse angles and compare and order angles up to two right angles by size
Identify lines of symmetry in 2-D shapes presented in different orientations
Complete a simple symmetric figure with respect to a specific line of symmetry
Position & Direction
Describe positions on a 2-D grid as coordinates in the first quadrant
Describe movements between positions as translations of a given unit to the left/right and up/down
Plot specified points and draw sides to complete a given polygon.
Statistics
Interpret and present discrete and continuous data using appropriate graphical methods, including bar charts and time graphs
Solve comparison, sum and difference problems using information presented in bar charts, pictograms, tables and other graphs
Upper Key Stage 2
Year 5
Number
Number & Place Value
Read, write, order and compare numbers to at least 1 000 000 and determine the value of each digit
Interpret negative numbers in context, count forwards and backwards with positive and negative whole numbers, including through zero
Round any number up to 1 000 000 to the nearest 10, 100, 1000, 10 000 and 100 000
Addition & Subtraction
Add and subtract whole numbers with more than 4 digits, including using formal written methods (columnar addition and subtraction)
Add and subtract numbers mentally with increasingly large numbers
Use rounding to check answers to calculations and determine, in the context of a problem, levels of accuracy
Multiplication & Division
Identify multiples and factors, including finding all factor pairs of a number, and common factors of two numbers
Solve problems involving multiplication and division where larger numbers are used by decomposing them into their factors
Know and use the vocabulary of prime numbers, prime factors and composite (non-prime) numbers
Establish whether a number up to 100 is prime and recall prime numbers up to 19
Multiply numbers up to 4 digits by a one- or two-digit number using a formal written method, including long multiplication for two-digit numbers
Multiply and divide numbers mentally drawing upon known facts
Divide numbers up to 4 digits by a one-digit number using the formal written method of short division and interpret remainders appropriately for the context
Multiply and divide whole numbers and those involving decimals by 10, 100 and 1000
Recognise and use square numbers and cube numbers, and the notation for squared (2) and cubed (3)
Solve problems involving multiplication and division including using their knowledge of factors and multiples, squares and cubes
Solve problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division and a combination of these, including understanding the meaning of the equals sign
Solve problems involving multiplication and division, including scaling by simple fractions and problems involving simple rates
Fractions (Including Decimals & Percentages)
Compare and order fractions whose denominators are all multiples of the same number
Identify, name and write equivalent fractions of a given fraction, represented visually, including tenths and hundredths
Recognise mixed numbers and improper fractions and convert from one form to the other and write mathematical statements > 1 as a mixed number [for example, 2/5 + 4/5 = 6/5 = 1 1/5]
Add and subtract fractions with the same denominator and denominators that are multiples of the same number
Read and write decimal numbers as fractions [for example, 0.71 = 71/100]
Round decimals with two decimal places to the nearest whole number and to one decimal place
Read, write, order and compare numbers with up to three decimal places
Solve problems involving number up to three decimal places
Recognise the per cent symbol (%) and understand that per cent relates to 'number of parts per hundred', and write percentages as a fraction with denominator 100, and as a decimal
Solve problems which require knowing percentage and decimal equivalents of 1/2, 1/4, 1/5, 2/5, 4/5 and those fractions with a denominator of a multiple of 10 or 25
Measurement
Convert between different units of metric measure (for example, kilometre and metre; centimetre and metre; centimetre and millimetre; gram and kilogram; litre and millilitre)
Measure and calculate the perimeter of composite rectilinear shapes in centimetres and metres
Calculate and compare the area of rectangles (including squares), and including using standard units, square centimetres (cm2) and square metres (m2) and estimate the area of irregular shapes
Estimate volume [for example, using 1 cm3 blocks to build cuboids (including cubes)] and capacity [for example, using water]
Solve problems involving converting between units of time
Use all four operations to solve problems involving measure [for example, length, mass, volume, money] using decimal notation, including scaling
Geometry
Properties of Shapes
Identify 3-D shapes, including cubes and other cuboids, from 2-D representations
Know angles are measured in degrees: estimate and compare acute, obtuse and reflex angles
Identify:
Angles at a point and one whole turn (total 360 degrees)
Angles at a point on a straight line and 1/2 a turn (total 180 degrees)
Other multiples of 90 degrees
Use the properties of rectangles to deduce related facts and find missing lengths and angles
Position & Direction
Identify, describe and represent the position of a shape following a reflection or translation, using the appropriate language, and know that the shape has not changed
Statistics
Solve comparison, sum and difference problems using information presented in a line graph
Complete, read and interpret information in tables, including timetables
Year 6
Number
Number & Place Value
Read, write, order and compare numbers up to 10 000 000 and determine the value of each digit
Round any whole number to a required degree of accuracy
Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication & Division
Multiply multi-digit numbers up to 4 digits by a two-digit whole number using the formal written method of long multiplication
Divide numbers up to 4 digits by a two-digit number using the formal written method of short division where appropriate, interpreting remainders according to the context
Perform mental calculations, including with mixed operations and large numbers
Identify common factors, common multiples and prime numbers
Use their knowledge of the order of operations to carry out calculations involving the four operations
Solve problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
Use estimation to check answers to calculations and determine, in the context of a problem, an appropriate degree of accuracy
Fractions (Including Decimals & Percentages)
Compare and order fractions, including fractions >> 1
Add and subtract fractions with different denominators and mixed numbers, using the concept of equivalent fractions
Multiply simple pairs of proper fractions, writing the answer in its simplest form [for example, 1/4 x 1/2 = 1/8]
Associate a fraction with division and calculate decimal fraction equivalents [for example, 0.375] for a simple fraction [for example, 3/8]
Identify the value of each digit in numbers given to three decimal places and multiply and divide numbers by 10, 100 and 1000 giving answers up to three decimal places
Multiply one-digit numbers with up to two decimal places by whole numbers
Solve problems which require answers to be rounded to specified degrees of accuracy
Recall and use equivalences between simple fractions, decimals and percentages, including in different contexts
Ratio & Proportion
Solve problems involving the relative sizes of two quantities where missing values can be found by using integer multiplication and division facts
Solve problems involving the calculation of percentages [for example, of measures, and such as 15% of 360] and the use of percentages for comparison
Solve problems involving unequal sharing and grouping using knowledge of fractions and multiples
Algebra
Use simple formulae
Generate and describe linear number sequences
Express missing number problems algebraically
Measurement
Solve problems involving the calculation and conversion of units of measure, using decimal notation up to three decimal places where appropriate
Use, read, write and convert between standard units, converting measurements of length, mass, volume and time from a smaller unit of measure to a larger unit, and vice versa, using decimal notation to up to three decimal places
Recognise that shapes with the same areas can have different perimeters and vice versa
Recognise when it is possible to use formulae for area and volume of shapes
Calculate the area of parallelograms and triangles
Calculate, estimate and compare volume of cubes and cuboids using standard units, including cubic centimetres (cm3) and cubic metres (m3), and extending to other units [for example, mm3 and km3]
Geometry
Properties of Shapes
Recognise, describe and build simple 3-D shapes, including making nets
Compare and classify geometric shapes based on their properties and sizes and find unknown angles in any triangles, quadrilaterals, and regular polygons
Recognise angles where they meet at a point, are on a straight line, or are vertically opposite, and find missing angles
Position & Direction
Draw and translate simple shapes on the coordinate plane, and reflect them in the axes
Statistics
Interpret and construct pie charts and line graphs and use these to solve problems
Calculate and interpret the mean as an average
Key Stage 3
Working Mathematically
Develop Fluency
Substitute values in expressions, rearrange and simplify expressions, and solve equations
Use language and properties precisely to analyse numbers, algebraic expressions, 2-D and 3-D shapes, probability and statistics
Subject Content
Number
Order positive and negative integers, decimals and fractions; use the number line as a model for ordering of the real numbers; use the symbols =, ?, <, >, ?, ?
Use the concepts and vocabulary of prime numbers, factors (or divisors), multiples, common factors, common multiples, highest common factor, lowest common multiple, prime factorisation, including using product notation and the unique factorisation propert
Use the four operations, including formal written methods, applied to integers, decimals, proper and improper fractions, and mixed numbers, all both positive and negative
Use conventional notation for the priority of operations, including brackets, powers, roots and reciprocals
Use integer powers and associated real roots (square, cube and higher), recognise powers of 2, 3, 4, 5 and distinguish between exact representations of roots and their decimal approximations
Interpret and compare numbers in standard form A x 10n 1?A< 10, where n is a positive or negative integer or zero
Work interchangeably with terminating decimals and their corresponding fractions (such as 3.5 and 7/2 or 0.375 and 3/8)
Define percentage as 'number of parts per hundred', interpret percentages and percentage changes as a fraction or a decimal, interpret these multiplicatively, express one quantity as a percentage of another, compare two quantities using percentages, and w
Interpret fractions and percentages as operators
Round numbers and measures to an appropriate degree of accuracy [for example, to a number of decimal places or significant figures]
Use approximation through rounding to estimate answers and calculate possible resulting errors expressed using inequality notation a< x?b
Algebra
Use and interpret algebraic notation, including:
Ab in place of a x b
3y in place of y + y + y and 3 x y
A2 in place of a x a, a3 in place of a x a x a; a2b in place of a x a x b
A/b in place of a ÷ b
Brackets
Substitute numerical values into formulae and expressions, including scientific formulae
Understand and use the concepts and vocabulary of expressions, equations, inequalities, terms and factors
Simplify and manipulate algebraic expressions to maintain equivalence by:
Collecting like terms
Multiplying a single term over a bracket
Taking out common factors
Expanding products of two or more binomials
Understand and use standard mathematical formulae; rearrange formulae to change the subject
Model situations or procedures by translating them into algebraic expressions or formulae and by using graphs
Use algebraic methods to solve linear equations in one variable (including all forms that require rearrangement)
Recognise, sketch and produce graphs of linear and quadratic functions of one variable with appropriate scaling, using equations in x and y and the Cartesian plane
Interpret mathematical relationships both algebraically and graphically
Reduce a given linear equation in two variables to the standard form y = mx + c; calculate and interpret gradients and intercepts of graphs of such linear equations numerically, graphically and algebraically
Use linear and quadratic graphs to estimate values of y for given values of x and vice versa and to find approximate solutions of simultaneous linear equations
Find approximate solutions to contextual problems from given graphs of a variety of functions, including piece-wise linear, exponential and reciprocal graphs
Generate terms of a sequence from either a term-to-term or a position-to-term rule
Recognise arithmetic sequences and find the nth term
Recognise geometric sequences and appreciate other sequences that arise
Ratio, Proportion & Change
Use scale factors, scale diagrams and maps
Express one quantity as a fraction of another, where the fraction is less than 1 and greater than 1
Use ratio notation, including reduction to simplest form
Divide a given quantity into two parts in a given part:part or part:whole ratio; express the division of a quantity into two parts as a ratio
Understand that a multiplicative relationship between two quantities can be expressed as a ratio or a fraction
Relate the language of ratios and the associated calculations to the arithmetic of fractions and to linear functions
Solve problems involving percentage change, including: percentage increase, decrease and original value problems and simple interest in financial mathematics
Solve problems involving direct and inverse proportion, including graphical and algebraic representations
Use compound units such as speed, unit pricing and density to solve problems
Geometry & Measures
Derive and apply formulae to calculate and solve problems involving: perimeter and area of triangles, parallelograms, trapezia, volume of cuboids (including cubes) and other prisms (including cylinders)
Calculate and solve problems involving: perimeters of 2-D shapes (including circles), areas of circles and composite shapes
Describe, sketch and draw using conventional terms and notations: points, lines, parallel lines, perpendicular lines, right angles, regular polygons, and other polygons that are reflectively and rotationally symmetric
Use the standard conventions for labelling the sides and angles of triangle ABC, and know and use the criteria for congruence of triangles
Derive and illustrate properties of triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, and other plane figures [for example, equal lengths and angles] using appropriate language and technologies
Identify properties of, and describe the results of, translations, rotations and reflections applied to given figures
Apply the properties of angles at a point, angles at a point on a straight line, vertically opposite angles
Understand and use the relationship between parallel lines and alternate and corresponding angles
Derive and use the sum of angles in a triangle and use it to deduce the angle sum in any polygon, and to derive properties of regular polygons
Apply angle facts, triangle congruence, similarity and properties of quadrilaterals to derive results about angles and sides, including Pythagoras' Theorem, and use known results to obtain simple proofs
Use Pythagoras' Theorem and trigonometric ratios in similar triangles to solve problems involving right-angled triangles
Use the properties of faces, surfaces, edges and vertices of cubes, cuboids, prisms, cylinders, pyramids, cones and spheres to solve problems in 3-D
Interpret mathematical relationships both algebraically and geometrically
Probability
Record, describe and analyse the frequency of outcomes of simple probability experiments involving randomness, fairness, equally and unequally likely outcomes, using appropriate language and the 0-1 probability scale
Understand that the probabilities of all possible outcomes sum to 1
Statistics
Describe, interpret and compare observed distributions of a single variable through: appropriate graphical representation involving discrete, continuous and grouped data; and appropriate measures of central tendency (mean, mode, median) and spread (range,
Construct and interpret appropriate tables, charts, and diagrams, including frequency tables, bar charts, pie charts, and pictograms for categorical data, and vertical line (or bar) charts for ungrouped and grouped numerical data
Describe simple mathematical relationships between two variables (bivariate data) in observational and experimental contexts and illustrate using scatter graphs
English
Key Stage 1
Year 1
Reading
Word Reading
Apply phonic knowledge and skills as the route to decode words
Read accurately by blending sounds in unfamiliar words containing GPCs that have been taught
Read words containing taught GPCs and -s, -es, -ing, -ed, -er and -est endings
Comprehension
Understand both the books they can already read accurately and fluently and those they listen to by:
Making inferences on the basis of what is being said and done
Writing
Transcription
Spelling
Spell:
Words containing each of the 40+ phonemes already taught
Name the letters of the alphabet:
Naming the letters of the alphabet in order
Add prefixes and suffixes:
Using the spelling rule for adding -s or -es as the plural marker for nouns and the third person singular marker for verbs
Vocabulary, Grammar & Punctuation
Develop their understanding of the concepts set out in English Appendix 2 by:
Beginning to punctuate sentences using a capital letter and a full stop, question mark or exclamation mark
Using a capital letter for names of people, places, the days of the week, and the personal pronoun 'I'
Spelling
Revision of Reception Work
All letters of the alphabet and the sounds which they most commonly represent
Consonant digraphs which have been taught and the sounds which they represent
The process of segmenting spoken words into sounds before choosing graphemes to represent the sounds
The sounds /f/, /l/, /s/, /z/ and /k/ spelt ff, ll, ss, zz and ck
Adding s and es to words (plural of nouns and the third person singular of verbs)
Adding -er and -est to adjectives where no change is needed to the root word
Vowel Digraphs & Trigraphs
Ai, oi
Ay, oy
A-e
I-e
O-e
Ee
Ea (/i:/)
Er (/ə/)
Oo (/u:/)
Oo (/ʊ/)
Oa
Ou
Ow (/aʊ/), ow (/əʊ/), ue, ew
Air
Ear
Words ending -y (/i:/ or /ɪ/)
New consonant spellings ph and wh
Compound words
Vocabulary, Grammar & Punctuation
Sentence
Year 2
Reading
Word Reading
Continue to apply phonic knowledge and skills as the route to decode words until automatic decoding has become embedded and reading is fluent
Read accurately by blending the sounds in words that contain the graphemes taught so far, especially recognising alternative sounds for graphemes
Read accurately words of two or more syllables that contain the same graphemes as above
Read most words quickly and accurately, without overt sounding and blending, when they have been frequently encountered
Comprehension
Develop pleasure in reading, motivation to read, vocabulary and understanding by:
Becoming increasingly familiar with and retelling a wider range of stories, fairy stories and traditional tales
Understand both the books that they can already read accurately and fluently and those that they listen to by:
Making inferences on the basis of what is being said and done
Answering and asking questions
Explain and discuss their understanding of books, poems and other material, both those that they listen to and those that they read for themselves
Writing
Transcription
Spelling
Spell by:
Segmenting spoken words into phonemes and representing these by graphemes, spelling many correctly
Learning new ways of spelling phonemes for which one or more spellings are already known, and learn some words with each spelling, including a few common homophones
Learning to spell common exception words
Distinguishing between homophones and near-homophones
Add suffixes to spell longer words, including -ment, -ness, -ful, -less, -ly
Apply spelling rules and guidance, as listed in English Appendix 1
Vocabulary, Grammar & Punctuation
Develop their understanding of the concepts set out in English Appendix 2 by:
Learning how to use both familiar and new punctuation correctly (see English Appendix 2), including full stops, capital letters, exclamation marks, question marks, commas for lists and apostrophes for contracted forms and the possessive (singular)
Learn how to use:
Sentences with different forms: statement, question, exclamation, command
Expanded noun phrases to describe and specify [for example, the blue butterfly]
The present and past tenses correctly and consistently including the progressive form
Subordination (using when, if, that, or because) and co-ordination (using or, and, or but)
Spelling
New Work for Year 2
The /dʒ/ sound spelt as ge and dge at the end of words, and sometimes spelt as g elsewhere in words before e, i and y
The /s/ sound spelt c before e, i and y
The /n/ sound spelt kn and (less often) gn at the beginning of words
The /r/ sound spelt wr at the beginning of words
The /aɪ/ sound spelt -y at the end of words
Adding -es to nouns and verbs ending in -y
Adding the endings -ing, -ed, -er, -est and -y to words ending in -e with a consonant before it
Adding -ing, -ed, -er, -est and -y to words of one syllable ending in a single consonant letter after a single vowel letter
The /ɔ:/ sound spelt a before l and ll
The /i:/ sound spelt -ey
Contractions
Homophones and near-homophones
Vocabulary, Grammar & Punctuation
Word
Sentence
Punctuation
Terminology for Pupils
Lower Key Stage 2
Years 3 & 4
Reading
Word Reading
Apply their growing knowledge of root words, prefixes and suffixes (etymology and morphology) as listed in English Appendix 1, both to read aloud and to understand the meaning of new words they meet
Comprehension
Develop positive attitudes to reading and understanding of what they read by:
Reading books that are structured in different ways and reading for a range of purposes
Increasing their familiarity with a wide range of books, including fairy stories, myths and legends, and retelling some of these orally
Identifying themes and conventions in a wide range of books
Recognising some different forms of poetry [for example, free verse, narrative poetry]
Understand what they read, in books they can read independently, by:
Checking that the text makes sense to them, discussing their understanding and explaining the meaning of words in context
Drawing inferences such as inferring characters' feelings, thoughts and motives from their actions, and justifying inferences with evidence
Predicting what might happen from details stated and implied
Identifying main ideas drawn from more than one paragraph and summarising these
Identifying how language, structure, and presentation contribute to meaning
Retrieve and record information from non-fiction
Writing
Transcription
Spelling
Use further prefixes and suffixes and understand how to add them (English Appendix 1)
Spell further homophones
Spell words that are often misspelt (English Appendix 1)
Composition
Evaluate and edit by:
Assessing the effectiveness of their own and others' writing and suggesting improvements
Proposing changes to grammar and vocabulary to improve consistency, including the accurate use of pronouns in sentences
Proof-read for spelling and punctuation errors
Vocabulary, Grammar & Punctuation
Develop their understanding of the concepts set out in English Appendix 2 by:
Extending the range of sentences with more than one clause by using a wider range of conjunctions, including when, if, because, although
Using the present perfect form of verbs in contrast to the past tense
Using conjunctions, adverbs and prepositions to express time and cause
Indicate grammatical and other features by:
Using and punctuating direct speech
Spelling
New Work for Years 3 & 4
The suffix -ly
Endings which sound like /ʒən/
Endings which sound like /ʃən/, spelt -tion, -sion, -ssion, -cian
Words with the /eɪ/ sound spelt ei, eigh, or ey
Homophones and near-homophones
Year 3 - Vocabulary, Grammar & Punctuation
Sentence
Punctuation
Terminology for Pupils
Year 4 - Vocabulary, Grammar & Punctuation
Sentence
Terminology for Pupils
Upper Key Stage 2
Year 5 & 6
Reading
Word Reading
Apply their growing knowledge of root words, prefixes and suffixes (morphology and etymology), as listed in English Appendix 1, both to read aloud and to understand the meaning of new words that they meet.
Comprehension
Maintain positive attitudes to reading and understanding of what they read by:
Continuing to read and discuss an increasingly wide range of fiction, poetry, plays, non-fiction and reference books or textbooks
Identifying and discussing themes and conventions in and across a wide range of writing
Understand what they read by:
Checking that the book makes sense to them, discussing their understanding and exploring the meaning of words in context
Drawing inferences such as inferring characters' feelings, thoughts and motives from their actions, and justifying inferences with evidence
Predicting what might happen from details stated and implied
Summarising the main ideas drawn from more than one paragraph, identifying key details that support the main ideas
Identifying how language, structure and presentation contribute to meaning
Distinguish between statements of fact and opinion
Retrieve, record and present information from non-fiction
Writing
Transcription
Spelling
Use further prefixes and suffixes and understand the guidance for adding them
Spell some words with 'silent' letters [for example, knight, psalm, solemn]
Continue to distinguish between homophones and other words which are often confused
Use knowledge of morphology and etymology in spelling and understand that the spelling of some words needs to be learnt specifically, as listed in English Appendix 1
Composition
Draft and write by:
Selecting appropriate grammar and vocabulary, understanding how such choices can change and enhance meaning
Evaluate and edit by:
Assessing the effectiveness of their own and others' writing
Proposing changes to vocabulary, grammar and punctuation to enhance effects and clarify meaning
Ensuring correct subject and verb agreement when using singular and plural, distinguishing between the language of speech and writing and choosing the appropriate register
Proof-read for spelling and punctuation errors
Vocabulary, Grammar & Punctuation
Develop their understanding of the concepts set out in English Appendix 2 by:
Using the perfect form of verbs to mark relationships of time and cause
Using relative clauses beginning with who, which, where, when, whose, that or with an implied (i.e. omitted) relative pronoun
Year 5 - Vocabulary, Grammar & Punctuation
Sentence
Punctuation
Terminology for Pupils
Year 6 - Vocabulary, Grammar & Punctuation
Word
Sentence
Terminology for Pupils
Key Stage 3
Subject Content
Reading
Understand increasingly challenging texts through:
Learning new vocabulary, relating it explicitly to known vocabulary and understanding it with the help of context and dictionaries
Making inferences and referring to evidence in the text
Knowing the purpose, audience for and context of the writing and drawing on this knowledge to support comprehension
Checking their understanding to make sure that what they have read makes sense
Read critically through:
Knowing how language, including figurative language, vocabulary choice, grammar, text structure and organisational features, presents meaning
Recognising a range of poetic conventions and understanding how these have been used
Writing
Write accurately, fluently, effectively and at length for pleasure and information through:
Applying their growing knowledge of vocabulary, grammar and text structure to their writing and selecting the appropriate form
Plan, draft, edit and proof-read through:
Paying attention to accurate grammar, punctuation and spelling; applying the spelling patterns and rules set out in English Appendix 1 to the key stage 1 and 2 programmes of study for English.
Grammar & Vocabulary
Consolidate and build on their knowledge of grammar and vocabulary through:
Knowing and understanding the differences between spoken and written language, including differences associated with formal and informal registers, and between Standard English and other varieties of English
National Curriculum 2014 (UK)
English
Key Stage 3
Subject Content
Writing
Write accurately, fluently, effectively and at length for pleasure and information through:
Outcomes
Applying their growing knowledge of vocabulary, grammar and text structure to their writing and selecting the appropriate form
Play Activities
19
Examples
