English
Outcomes
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Early Stage One
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Objective A
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Speaking and Listening 1
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ENe-1A
Communicates with peers and known adults in informal and guided activities demonstrating emerging skills of group interaction
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ENe-1A
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Writing and Representing 1
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ENe-2A
Composes simple texts to convey an idea or message
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ENe-2A
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Handwriting and Using Digital Technologies
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ENe-3A
Produces most lower case and upper case letters and uses digital technologies to construct texts
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ENe-3A
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Reading and Viewing 1
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ENe-4A
Demonstrates developing skills and strategies to read, view and comprehend short, predictable texts on familiar topics in different media and technologies
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Recognise the letters of the alphabet and know there are lower and upper case letters (ACELA1440)
Examples
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Understand that spoken words are made up of sounds
Examples
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Recognise rhymes, syllables and sounds (phonemes) in spoken words (ACELA1439)
Examples
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Consistently identify words that start with the same initial sound
Examples
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segment words into onset and rime
Examples
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Identify the beginning and end sounds of words
Examples
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Segment simple spoken words into separate sounds
Examples
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recognise high-frequency words, including own name
Examples
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Use phonological strategies when reading, including letter-sound relationships
Play Activities 144Examples
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Use knowledge of letters and sounds to decode words, including those in initial, final and medial positions
Play Activities 194Examples
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Use comprehension strategies to understand and discuss texts listened to, viewed or read independently (ACELY1650)
Play Activities 178Examples
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Recognise the letters of the alphabet and know there are lower and upper case letters (ACELA1440)
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ENe-4A
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Spelling
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ENe-5A
Demonstrates developing skills in using letters, simple sound blends and some sight words to represent known words when spelling
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Know how to use onset and rime to spell words (ACELA1438)
Examples
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Identify patterns in words leading to the identification of word families
Examples
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Use and write beginning and ending sounds of spoken words
Examples
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Know that letters are used to represent sounds when writing words
Examples
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Use plural form when spelling some words
Examples
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Know how to use onset and rime to spell words (ACELA1438)
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ENe-5A
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Speaking and Listening 1
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Objective B
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Reading and Viewing 2
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ENe-8B
Demonstrates emerging skills and knowledge of texts to read and view, and shows developing awareness of purpose, audience and subject matter
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ENe-8B
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Grammar, Punctuation and Vocabulary
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ENe-9B
Demonstrates developing skills and knowledge in grammar, punctuation and vocabulary when responding to and composing texts
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ENe-9B
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Reading and Viewing 2
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Objective A
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Stage One
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Objective A
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Speaking and Listening 1
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EN1-1A
Communicates with a range of people in informal and guided activities demonstrating interaction skills and considers how own communication is adjusted in different situations
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EN1-1A
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Writing and Representing 1
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EN1-2A
Plans, composes and reviews a small range of simple texts for a variety of purposes on familiar topics for known readers and viewers
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EN1-2A
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Reading and Viewing 1
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EN1-4A
Draws on an increasing range of skills and strategies to fluently read, view and comprehend a range of texts on less familiar topics in different media and technologies
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Recognise grammatical patterns to enhance comprehension, eg action verbs, words or groups of words that tell who, what, when, where and how
Examples
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Understand that nouns represent people, places, things and ideas and can be, for example, common, proper, concrete or abstract, and that noun groups/phrases can be expanded using articles and adjectives (ACELA1468)
Examples
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Identify the parts of a simple sentence that represent 'What's happening?', 'Who or what is involved?' and the surrounding circumstances (ACELA1451)
Examples
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Understand how sentence punctuation is used to enhance meaning and fluency
Examples
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Identify word families and word origins to understand the meaning of unfamiliar words, eg base words, rhyming words and synonyms
Examples
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Recognise sound-letter matches including common vowel and consonant digraphs and consonant blends (ACELA1458)
Play Activities 338Examples
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Understand the variability of sound-letter matches (ACELA1459)
Play Activities 110Examples
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Recognise most sound-letter matches including silent letters, vowel/consonant digraphs and many less common sound-letter combinations (ACELA1474)
Play Activities 303Examples
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Automatically recognise irregular high-frequency words, eg 'come' and 'are'
Examples
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Use phonological, graphological, syntactic and semantic cues to decode and make meaning from written texts, eg using an increasing repertoire of high-frequency and sight words, segmenting words into syllables
Play Activities 227Examples
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Use comprehension strategies to build literal and inferred meaning and begin to analyse texts by drawing on growing knowledge of context, language and visual features and print and multimodal text structures (ACELY1660, ACELY1670)
Examples
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Use background knowledge of a topic to make inferences about the ideas in a text
Examples
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Predict author intent, series of events and possible endings in an imaginative, informative and persuasive text
Examples
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Identify visual representations of characters' actions, reactions, speech and thought processes in narratives, and consider how these images add to or contradict or multiply the meaning of accompanying words (ACELA1469)
Examples
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Recognise grammatical patterns to enhance comprehension, eg action verbs, words or groups of words that tell who, what, when, where and how
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EN1-4A
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Spelling
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EN1-5A
Uses a variety of strategies, including knowledge of sight words and letter-sound correspondences, to spell familiar words
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Know that regular one-syllable words are made up of letters and common letter clusters that correspond to the sounds heard, and how to use visual memory to write high-frequency words (ACELA1778)
Examples
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Understand how to use digraphs, long vowels, blends and silent letters to spell words, and use morphemes and syllabification to break up simple words and use visual memory to write irregular words (ACELA1471)
Examples
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Recognise common prefixes and suffixes and how they change a word's meaning (ACELA1455, ACELA1472)
Examples
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Isolate and write the initial, medial and final sound of a word
Examples
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Exchange one letter in a written word with a different letter to make a new word
Examples
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Use double consonants where appropriate, eg 'hopping'
Examples
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Recognise when a word is spelt incorrectly
Examples
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Use morphemic and phonological knowledge when spelling
Examples
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Know that regular one-syllable words are made up of letters and common letter clusters that correspond to the sounds heard, and how to use visual memory to write high-frequency words (ACELA1778)
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EN1-5A
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Speaking and Listening 1
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Objective B
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Speaking and Listening 2
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EN1-6B
Recognises a range of purposes and audiences for spoken language and recognises organisational patterns and features of predictable spoken texts
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EN1-6B
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Writing and Representing 2
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EN1-7B
Identifies how language use in their own writing differs according to their purpose, audience and subject matter
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EN1-7B
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Grammar, Punctuation and Vocabulary
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EN1-9B
Uses basic grammatical features, punctuation conventions and vocabulary appropriate to the type of text when responding to and composing texts
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Explore differences in words that represent people, places and things (nouns, including pronouns), happenings and states (verbs), qualities (adjectives) and details such as when, where and how (adverbs) (ACELA1452)
Examples
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Recognise that a preposition placed in front of a noun group can show where, when, eg 'on the box' (where), 'before my birthday' (when)
Examples
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Recognise that different types of punctuation, including full stops, question marks and exclamation marks, signal sentences that make statements, ask questions, express emotion or give commands (ACELA1449)
Examples
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Recognise that capital letters signal proper nouns and commas are used to separate items in lists (ACELA1465)
Examples
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Understand how texts are made cohesive through resources, for example word associations, synonyms, and antonyms (ACELA1464)
Examples
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Recognise, discuss and use creative word play, eg alliteration and onomatopoeia
Examples
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Compose sentences effectively using basic grammatical features and punctuation conventions
Examples
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Explore differences in words that represent people, places and things (nouns, including pronouns), happenings and states (verbs), qualities (adjectives) and details such as when, where and how (adverbs) (ACELA1452)
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EN1-9B
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Speaking and Listening 2
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Objective A
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Stage Two
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Objective A
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Speaking and Listening 1
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EN2-1A
Communicates in a range of informal and formal contexts by adopting a range of roles in group, classroom, school and community contexts
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EN2-1A
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Writing and Representing 1
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EN2-2A
Plans, composes and reviews a range of texts that are more demanding in terms of topic, audience and language
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Understand, interpret and experiment with a range of devices and deliberate word play in poetry and other literary texts, for example nonsense words, spoonerisms, neologisms and puns (ACELT1606)
Examples
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Experiment with visual, multimodal and digital processes to represent ideas encountered in texts
Examples
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Reread and edit texts for meaning, appropriate structure, grammatical choices and punctuation (ACELY1683)
Examples
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Reread and edit for meaning by adding, deleting or moving words or word groups to improve content and structure (ACELY1695)
Examples
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Understand, interpret and experiment with a range of devices and deliberate word play in poetry and other literary texts, for example nonsense words, spoonerisms, neologisms and puns (ACELT1606)
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EN2-2A
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Reading and Viewing 1
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EN2-4A
Uses an increasing range of skills, strategies and knowledge to fluently read, view and comprehend a range of texts on increasingly challenging topics in different media and technologies
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Know that word contractions are a feature of informal language and that apostrophes of contraction are used to signal missing letters (ACELA1480)
Examples
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Skim a text for overall message and scan for particular information, eg headings, key words
Examples
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Use graphological, phonological, syntactic and semantic strategies to respond to texts, eg knowledge of homophones, contractions, syllables, word families and common prefixes
Examples
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Identify syllables in multisyllabic words in order to support decoding of longer words in context to make meaning
Examples
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Recognise high frequency sight words (ACELA1486)
Examples
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Use comprehension strategies to build literal and inferred meaning to expand content knowledge, integrating and linking ideas and analysing and evaluating texts (ACELY1680, ACELY1692)
Play Activities 226Examples
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Use strategies to confirm predictions about author intent in imaginative, informative and persuasive texts
Examples
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Summarise a paragraph and indicate the main idea, key points or key arguments in imaginative, informative and persuasive texts
Examples
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Know that word contractions are a feature of informal language and that apostrophes of contraction are used to signal missing letters (ACELA1480)
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EN2-4A
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Spelling
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EN2-5A
Uses a range of strategies, including knowledge of letter-sound correspondences and common letter patterns, to spell familiar and some unfamiliar words
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Understand how to use strategies for spelling words, including spelling rules, knowledge of morphemic word families, spelling generalisations, and letter combinations including double letters (ACELA1485, ACELA1779)
Examples
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Recognise homophones and know how to use context to identify correct spelling (ACELA1780)
Examples
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Understand how knowledge of word origins supports spelling
Examples
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Use a variety of spelling strategies to spell high-frequency words correctly when composing imaginative and other texts
Examples
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Use morphemic, visual, syntactic, semantic and phonological knowledge when attempting to spell unknown words
Examples
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Use knowledge of alphabetical order to locate information in texts, eg dictionaries, glossaries
Examples
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Identify spelling errors in own writing and unknown texts and provide correct spelling
Examples
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Understand how to use strategies for spelling words, including spelling rules, knowledge of morphemic word families, spelling generalisations, and letter combinations including double letters (ACELA1485, ACELA1779)
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EN2-5A
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Speaking and Listening 1
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Objective B
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Writing and Representing 2
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EN2-7B
Identifies and uses language forms and features in their own writing appropriate to a range of purposes, audiences and contexts
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EN2-7B
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Reading and Viewing 2
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EN2-8B
Identifies and compares different kinds of texts when reading and viewing and shows an understanding of purpose, audience and subject matter
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Interpret how imaginative, informative and persuasive texts vary in purpose, structure and topic
Examples
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Identify organisational patterns and language features of print and visual texts appropriate to a range of purposes
Examples
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Understand how different types of texts vary in use of language choices, depending on their purpose and context (for example, tense and types of sentences) (ACELA1478)
Examples
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Recognise the use of figurative language in texts, eg similes, metaphors, idioms and personification, and discuss their effects
Examples
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Recognise how quotation marks are used in texts to signal dialogue, titles and quoted (direct) speech (ACELA1492)
Examples
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Discuss the nature and effects of some language devices used to enhance meaning and shape the reader's reaction, including rhythm and onomatopoeia in poetry and prose (ACELT1600)
Examples
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Identify and interpret the different forms of visual information, including maps, tables, charts, diagrams, animations and images
Examples
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Interpret how imaginative, informative and persuasive texts vary in purpose, structure and topic
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EN2-8B
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Grammar, Punctuation and Vocabulary
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EN2-9B
Uses effective and accurate sentence structure, grammatical features, punctuation conventions and vocabulary relevant to the type of text when responding to and composing texts
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Understand that paragraphs are a key organisational feature of written texts (ACELA1479)
Examples
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Understand how adverb groups/phrases and prepositional phrases work in different ways to provide circumstantial details about an activity (ACELA1495)
Examples
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Identify and use grammatical features, eg pronouns, conjunctions and connectives, to accurately link ideas and information
Examples
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Understand that verbs represent different processes (doing, thinking, saying, and relating) and that these processes are anchored in time through tense (ACELA1482)
Examples
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Investigate how quoted (direct) and reported (indirect) speech work in different types of text (ACELA1494)
Examples
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Use apostrophes for contractions
Examples
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Learn extended and technical vocabulary and ways of expressing opinion including modal verbs and adverbs (ACELA1484)
Examples
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Understand that paragraphs are a key organisational feature of written texts (ACELA1479)
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EN2-9B
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Writing and Representing 2
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Objective C
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Thinking Imaginatively, Creatively and Interpretively
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EN2-10C
Thinks imaginatively, creatively and interpretively about information, ideas and texts when responding to and composing texts
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EN2-10C
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Thinking Imaginatively, Creatively and Interpretively
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Objective D
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Expressing Themselves
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EN2-11D
Responds to and composes a range of texts that express viewpoints of the world similar to and different from their own
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EN2-11D
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Expressing Themselves
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Objective A
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Stage Three
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Objective A
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Writing and Representing
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EN3-2A
Composes, edits and presents well-structured and coherent texts
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Identify and explore underlying themes and central storylines in imaginative texts
Examples
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Understand, interpret and experiment with the use of imagery in imaginative texts, poetry and songs, eg similes, metaphors, personification and sound devices such as alliteration
Examples
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Reread and edit students' own and others' work using agreed criteria and explaining editing choices (ACELY1705, ACELY1715)
Examples
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Identify and explore underlying themes and central storylines in imaginative texts
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EN3-2A
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Reading and Viewing
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EN3-3A
Uses an integrated range of skills, strategies and knowledge to read, view and comprehend a wide range of texts in different media and technologies
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Understand how texts vary in purpose, structure and topic as well as the degree of formality (ACELA1504)
Examples
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Understand, interpret and experiment with sound devices and imagery, including simile, metaphor and personification, in narratives, shape poetry, songs, anthems and odes (ACELT1611)
Examples
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Select, navigate and read texts for a range of purposes, applying appropriate text processing strategies and interpreting structural features, for example table of contents, glossary, chapters, headings and subheadings (ACELY1712)
Examples
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Navigate and read texts for specific purposes applying appropriate text processing strategies, for example predicting and confirming, monitoring meaning, skimming and scanning (ACELY1702)
Examples
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Use comprehension strategies to interpret and analyse information and ideas, comparing content from a variety of textual sources including media and digital texts (ACELY1703, ACELY1713)
Examples
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Summarise a text and evaluate the intended message or theme
Examples
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Understand how texts vary in purpose, structure and topic as well as the degree of formality (ACELA1504)
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EN3-3A
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Spelling
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EN3-4A
Draws on appropriate strategies to accurately spell familiar and unfamiliar words when composing texts
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Understand how to use banks of known words, word origins, base words, suffixes and prefixes, morphemes, spelling patterns and generalisations to learn and spell new words, for example technical words and words adopted from other languages (ACELA1513, ACEL
Play Activities 139Examples
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Understand that the pronunciation, spelling and meanings of words have histories and change over time (ACELA1500)
Examples
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Integrate a range of spelling strategies and conventions to accurately spell most words, including words of many syllables, when composing imaginative and other texts
Play Activities 118Examples
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Understand how to use banks of known words, word origins, base words, suffixes and prefixes, morphemes, spelling patterns and generalisations to learn and spell new words, for example technical words and words adopted from other languages (ACELA1513, ACEL
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EN3-4A
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Writing and Representing
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Objective B
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Responding and Composing
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EN3-5B
Discusses how language is used to achieve a widening range of purposes for a widening range of audiences and contexts
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EN3-5B
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Grammar, Punctuation and Vocabulary
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EN3-6B
Uses knowledge of sentence structure, grammar, punctuation and vocabulary to respond to and compose clear and cohesive texts in different media and technologies
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Understand that choices in grammar, punctuation and vocabulary contribute to the effectiveness of texts
Examples
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Experiment using a range of language features, eg connectives, topic sentences, active and passive voice and nominalisation
Examples
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Understand the use of vocabulary to express greater precision of meaning, and know that words can have different meanings in different contexts (ACELA1512)
Examples
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Investigate how vocabulary choices, including evaluative language can express shades of meaning, feeling and opinion (ACELA1525)
Examples
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Use grammatical features, eg pronouns, conjunctions and connectives, to accurately link ideas and information to ensure meaning when composing texts
Examples
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Understand that choices in grammar, punctuation and vocabulary contribute to the effectiveness of texts
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EN3-6B
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Responding and Composing
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Objective C
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Thinking Imaginatively, Creatively, Interpretively and Critically
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EN3-7C
Thinks imaginatively, creatively, interpretively and critically about information and ideas and identifies connections between texts when responding to and composing texts
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Think imaginatively when engaging with texts, using prediction, for example, to imagine what happens to characters after the text
Examples
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Identify the relationship between words, sounds, imagery and language patterns in narratives and poetry such as ballads, limericks and free verse (ACELT1617)
Examples
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Think imaginatively when engaging with texts, using prediction, for example, to imagine what happens to characters after the text
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EN3-7C
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Thinking Imaginatively, Creatively, Interpretively and Critically
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Objective A
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Stage Four
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Objective A
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Outcome 1
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EN4-1A
Responds to and composes texts for understanding, interpretation, critical analysis, imaginative expression and pleasure
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Interpret the stated and implied meanings in spoken texts, and use evidence to support or challenge different perspectives (ACELY1730)
Examples
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Apply increasing knowledge of vocabulary, text structures and language features to understand the content of texts (ACELY1733)
Examples
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Recognise that vocabulary choices contribute to the specificity, abstraction and style of texts (ACELA1547)
Examples
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Identify and evaluate devices that create tone, for example humour, wordplay, innuendo and parody in poetry, humorous prose, drama or visual texts (ACELT1630)
Examples
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Understand, interpret and discuss how language is compressed to produce a dramatic effect in film or drama, and to create layers of meaning in poetry, for example haiku, tankas, couplets, free verse and verse novels (ACELT1623)
Examples
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Interpret the stated and implied meanings in spoken texts, and use evidence to support or challenge different perspectives (ACELY1730)
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EN4-1A
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Outcome 2
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EN4-2A
Effectively uses a widening range of processes, skills, strategies and knowledge for responding to and composing texts in different media and technologies
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Consider and apply a range of strategies to improve their texts, including editing by rereading and peer editing, checking accuracy of paragraphing, grammar, spelling and punctuation, and considering relevance for purpose, audience and context
Examples
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Edit for meaning by removing repetition, refining ideas, reordering sentences and adding or substituting words for impact (ACELY1726)
Examples
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Use a range of effective strategies for organising information, ideas and arguments, eg clustering, listing, compare and contrast, semantic chains, graphic and diagram outlines, and mind maps WE
Examples
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Consider and apply a range of strategies to improve their texts, including editing by rereading and peer editing, checking accuracy of paragraphing, grammar, spelling and punctuation, and considering relevance for purpose, audience and context
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EN4-2A
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Outcome 1
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Objective B
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Outcome 3
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EN4-3B
Uses and describes language forms, features and structures of texts appropriate to a range of purposes, audiences and contexts
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Engage with the language and structures of texts in meaningful, contextualised and authentic ways
Examples
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Identify, discuss and reflect on the ideas and information in a range of texts
Examples
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Understand how to apply learned knowledge consistently in order to spell accurately and to learn new words including nominalisations (ACELA1549)
Examples
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Understand how rhetorical devices are used to persuade and how different layers of meaning are developed through the use of metaphor, irony and parody (ACELA1542)
Examples
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Understand the ways etymology can clarify choice of vocabulary
Examples
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Interpret and analyse language choices, including sentence patterns, dialogue, imagery and other language features, in short stories, literary essays and plays (ACELT1767)
Examples
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Understand how modality is achieved through discriminating choices in modal verbs, adverbs, adjectives and nouns (ACELA1536)
Examples
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Understand how coherence is created in complex texts through devices like lexical cohesion, ellipsis, grammatical theme and text connectives (ACELA1809)
Examples
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Understand the use of punctuation conventions, including colons, semicolons, dashes and brackets in formal and informal texts (ACELA1532, ACELA1544)
Examples
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Understand how to use spelling rules and word origins, for example Greek and Latin roots, base words, suffixes, prefixes, spelling patterns and generalisations to learn new words and how to spell them (ACELA1539)
Examples
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Engage with the language and structures of texts in meaningful, contextualised and authentic ways
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EN4-3B
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Outcome 3
- Objective C
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Objective A
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Stage Five
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Objective A
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Outcome 1
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EN5-1A
Responds to and composes increasingly sophisticated and sustained texts for understanding, interpretation, critical analysis, imaginative expression and pleasure
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Analyse ideas, information, perspectives, contexts and ideologies and the ways they are presented in increasingly demanding, sustained imaginative, informative and persuasive texts
Examples
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Identify how vocabulary choices contribute to specificity, abstraction and stylistic effectiveness (ACELA1561)
Examples
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Analyse ideas, information, perspectives, contexts and ideologies and the ways they are presented in increasingly demanding, sustained imaginative, informative and persuasive texts
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EN5-1A
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Outcome 2
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EN5-2A
Effectively uses and critically assesses a wide range of processes, skills, strategies and knowledge for responding to and composing a wide range of texts in different media and technologies
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Consider how aspects of texts, including characterisation, setting, situations, issues, ideas, tone and point of view, can evoke a range of responses, including empathy, sympathy, antipathy and indifference
Examples
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Review, edit and refine students' own and others' texts for control of content, organisation, sentence structure, vocabulary, and/or visual features to achieve particular purposes and effects (ACELY1747, ACELY1757)
Play Activities 159Examples
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Understand that authors innovate with text structures and language for specific purposes and effects (ACELA1553)
Examples
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Apply an expanding vocabulary to read increasingly complex texts with fluency and comprehension (ACELY1743)
Examples
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Consider how aspects of texts, including characterisation, setting, situations, issues, ideas, tone and point of view, can evoke a range of responses, including empathy, sympathy, antipathy and indifference
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EN5-2A
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Outcome 1
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Objective B
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Outcome 3
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EN5-3B
Selects and uses language forms, features and structures of texts appropriate to a range of purposes, audiences and contexts, describing and explaining their effects on meaning
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Analyse and evaluate the effectiveness of a wide range of sentence and clause structures as authors design and craft texts (ACELA1557, ACELA1569)
Examples
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Understand that Standard Australian English in its spoken and written forms has a history of evolution and change and continues to evolve (ACELA1550, ACELA1563)
Examples
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Evaluate techniques (eg contrast, exaggeration, juxtaposition or changing chronological order) used in spoken, written and visual texts to, for example, construct plot and create emotional responses
Examples
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Understand how to use knowledge of the spelling system to spell unusual and technical words accurately, for example those based on uncommon Greek and Latin roots (ACELA1573)
Play Activities 266Examples
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Understand how punctuation is used along with layout and font variations in constructing texts for different audiences and purposes (ACELA1556)
Examples
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Analyse and evaluate the effectiveness of a wide range of sentence and clause structures as authors design and craft texts (ACELA1557, ACELA1569)
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EN5-3B
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Outcome 4
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EN5-4B
Effectively transfers knowledge, skills and understanding of language concepts into new and different contexts
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Appreciate and value the ways language concepts, ideas and information can be shaped and transformed for new and different contexts
Examples
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Examine and evaluate the cohesion of syntax and content in familiar and unfamiliar texts
Examples
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Use prediction, speculation, hypothesis and paraphrasing as strategies for accessing complex types of texts with unfamiliar ideas or structures
Examples
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Appreciate and value the ways language concepts, ideas and information can be shaped and transformed for new and different contexts
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EN5-4B
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Outcome 3
- Objective C
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Objective A